a (/e
~
/) about above after after again against ago ahead all almost almost along already also although always am (/
m~m~m/) among an /n~n/) and (/nd~n~n/) any are /a:~/ aren't around as (/z~z/) at (/t~t/) away
backward backwards be because before behind below beneath beside between both but by
can (/kn~kn/) cannot can't cause 'cos could couldn't
'd (had) despite did didn't do does doesn't don't down during
each either even ever every except
for (/faw~f/) forward from (/fr
m~frm/)
had hadn't has hasn't have (/hv~hv~v~v/) haven't he (hi:~h/) her (/h~/) here hers herself him (/hm~m/) himself his (/hz~z/) how however I
if in inside inspite instead into is (/z~z/) isn't it its itself
just
'll (will/shall /l/) least less like
'm (them /m/) many may mayn't me might mightn't mine more most much must mustn't my myself
near need needn't needs neither never no none nor not now
of (/v~v/) off often on once only onto or ought oughtn't our ours ourselves out outside over
past perhaps
quite
're (are) rather
's (/z/) seldom several shall shan't she should shouldn't since so some sometimes soon
than that the (/
i:~/) their theirs them themselves then there therefore these they this those though through thus till to (/tu~t/) together too towards
under unless until up upon us used usedn't (/ju:snt/) usen't usually
've very
was (wz~wz/) wasn't we well were weren't what when where whether which while who whom whose why will with without won't would wouldn't
yet you your yours yourself yourselves
Grammar in language teaching (paper)
Formerly at homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c, which is defunct